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How to perform a P2V conversion for FreeBSD to run on Hyper-V

November 29th, 2009 Justin James 6 comments

One of my big projects with my personal server setup, was to turn my current physical FreeBSD server into a Hyper-V VM. Why would I do this? Don’t ask, because I don’t want to start a religous war here… let’s just say that as much as I like FreeBSD for a lot of purposes, I do not like living with it as a sys admin without a paycheck attached.

So, here’s how I went from FreeBSD on a physical machine (garbage x64 hardware) to a Hyper-V VM (Windows 2008 R2 on garbage x64 hardware).

  1. Upgrade the FreeBSD machine to version 8.0-RELEASE. This is mandatory.
  2. Get Hyper-V installed and configured, including enabling Intel VT in the BIOS.
  3. Shut down both machines. Transfer the physical hard drive from the FreeBSD machine to the Windows 2008 R2 machine. Turn on the 2008 R2 machine, and verify in Disk Management that the transferred drive is visible.
  4. Create a new Hyper-V VM for the machine, but do not specify a hard disk. Go back into the settings, and remove the NIC that was put into the VM. Do “Add new hardware” and select “Legacy Network Adapter”, and connect the new NIC to the network of choice.
  5. Create a new virtual disk. Select “Fixed” type, and on the next page in the wizard, tell it to copy the contents of a physical disk. Choose the disk you transferred from the FreeBSD machine.
  6. Go eat dinner, walk the dog, read a magazine. You’ll be here a while during the disk copy. To be on the safe side, go download the “Live FS” FreeBSD ISO appropriate for your installed FreeBSD version.
  7. Once the new virtual disk has been created, go back into the VM settings, move the optical drive to postion 1 on the IDE chain, and then add the newly created disk to the VM on position 0 on the IDE chain.
  8. Start the VM. If you receive errors like “Invalid slice”, you need to do the following:
    1. Insert the Live FS ISO into the virtual DVD drive and reboot the VM.
    2. Go to “Configure” and then “Fdisk”. Set the main drive slice (the big one) to be bootable, and then press “W” to write the information to disk. Before it writes, it will ask about a boot loader; choose the standard one, unless you have a good reason not to and know what you are doing.
    3. Exit the Live FS system, eject the ISO, and reboot the VM.

    This should take care of the “bad” boot loader.

  9. If the physical disk in the original server was not device “ad0″ (for example, it was a SCSI drive or a RAID 1 member), then the system will spaz when you boot and drop to single user mode. Not to worry! In single user mode, do the following: (note: if you can’t even get into single user mode, boot off of the Live FS CD and use the “Fixit” shell)
    1. Re-mount the root partition as writeable with:mount -u /
      mount -a
      Likewise, mount /usr and /tmp with:
      mount /dev/ad0s1f /usr
      mount /dev/ad0s1e /tmp
    2. Now you can actually use your text editor of choice to edit /etc/fstab and set the references to the old drive to be references to the new drive as ad0. Do that and reboot.
  10. You are in the home stretch now! You should be booted into FreeBSD, albeit a crippled one, because the NIC isn’t configured. Go edit /etc/rc.conf and change the reference to your old NIC to be a reference to de0 (the NIC that Hyper-V provides). Reboot again, and you should be done!

This is what I did… it might not work 100% for you, for better or for worse.

J.Ja

VirtualBox error 1603: “Installation of MSI failed.

October 7th, 2009 Charles N. Burns 10 comments

It’s happened on several of my systems with every VirtualBox release since 3.0: “VirtualBox Setup Ended Prematurely.” The suggestions I found online didn’t help. Here is a quick and simple solution.

VirtualBox installer error 1603

Read more…

Categories: Sun, Virtualization Tags:

SCVMM’s P2V functionality: nothin’ but net!

July 27th, 2009 Justin James 4 comments

This weekend I did my first P2V (physical-to-virtual) conversion of a machine using SCVMM 2008 (System Center Virtual Machine Manager). I expected the worst. Instead, I got a really pleasant experience. It worked like a charm, so long as the right ports were opened and you knew the username/password of a user who is a local administrator on the destination machine. In my case, I simply plugged the secondary NIC on the machine (it was a machine in my DMZ, ironically enough, it was previously my VMWare Server box) into a switch on my LAN, started the conversion process, and an hour later, it was done. As expected, I needed to reconfigure the NIC (I always expect this, since it is considered a new NIC). One nice surprise is that it maintained the volume lettering, even though I did not convert all of the volumes. In this case, I had a D drive which I did not convert, but I did convert the F drive, and even though the converted F drive was the secondary drive on the virtual adapter, Windows was still calling it F. That ensured that I didn’t need to mess with anything after conversion. Overall, I can report that SCVMM did a P2V with flying colors, and should not be feared or avoided.

J.Ja

Categories: Microsoft, Virtualization Tags:

Technology on a honeymoon

December 31st, 2008 Justin James 7 comments

I got back from my honeymoon last week. Throughout the course of the trip, technology played a huge role, despite my not being “on the job”. Sadly, there were a ton of tech failures that simply should not have happened, which made the trip less enjoyable and relaxing. Here’s a roundup of those failures, and where they could be improved.

Keep in mine, the trip was awesome. To all of the great folks in San Diego, I love your city and can’t wait to return! The honeymoon was great, and my family had a fun time. This blog is not to imply that my trip stunk, it’s just a list of some of the really frustrating parts of my trip, which were tech-related. I may note, none of the things that bothered me on the trip did not involve electricity or machinery.

Airlines
Nearly everyone who has flown has a horror story about it. I’ve realized what is at the heart of these, and it is computers. I hate to say it, but airlines have really made flying miserable, and it is all thanks to the computer. With the computer, the airlines are now able to calculate routes down to the minute for optimum efficiency and profitability. Sadly, their algorithms do not take into account the reality of weather, personnell issues, etc. As a result, their algorithms produce “just so stories” that increasingly fail to produce good results.

Another failure on the airlines’ part, is in how they handle luggage. Ever notice when you check a bag in, you get a barcoded receipt, and that the bag tag is barcoded too? Guess what though… the airline does not actually scan the barcodes or enter them in except at “major airports”, and apparently, Charlotte NC is not a “major airport”. So despite all of the equipment and programming that makes it theoretically possible to locate a bag as precisely as UPS (if not more precisely, since the path a bag can take in the luggage transit system is so tightly constrained), the reality is, the airline has no idea where your bag is. Not only does this make you potentially miserable, but it has deep national security implications as well.

Hotels
The hotel I stayed at (Holiday Inn at Sea World, in San Diego, on Sports Arena Boulevard) was nice. Unfortunately, when we arrived, the WiFi signal was too faint to be connected to, and the in-room LAN was not working right at all. The next morning, I needed to call maintenance, and the tech they sent in (only a few minutes to show up at the room) needed a while to fix the problem. On the other hand, the problem was weird… not only was the LAN not working, but the phones weren’t either. It looked like the room’s wiring had been re-arranged by the previous guests, which was not surprising since it was a room designed for people traveling with children. I know my little one was all over that room pushing buttons too.

On non-PC fronts, the hotel was a bit of a dissappointment. You would think that in a room designed for people with kids, they would have a DVD player, or at least more than one kid-oriented TV stations (Disney Channel). When Jarrett goes a week without SpongeBob, both he and I suffer! Another oddity of the room was that the refrigerator was set to freeze everything, and I could not figure out how to adjust it. Speaking of “freezing”, when we checked in, the thermostat was not operative either (the unit needed to be reset, which I had never heard of), so our first night was rather chilly. And in stark contrast to the refrigerator, the faucet was more than happy to dispense water at a temperature capable of burning delicate skin; again, for a room designed for people with children, this is a big problem. There also were not any electrical plug safety covers. Overall, while I liked the room, it really needed someone to work out a few kinks, and the “designed for kids” concept really did not extend any further than putting a bunk bed in the room.

VMWare
VMWare is the application that keeps giving… me headaches. If you are going to install VMWare on a PC, do it on the initial buildout/shakedown period, not two years after the PC was assembled, trust me. Months after installing VMWare on my PC, I am still finding quirks with the networking, thanks to VMware’s installation of a new networking device. One of these quirks made itself known on my trip: Remote Desktop’s hole in Windows Firewall had been disabled. As a result, I could not RDP into my desktop. I had left Outlook running when I left, which meant that I could not even read my email on my ISP’s Web mail system. Ironically enough, another issue kept that mail from being picked up anyways…

FreeBSD
When I noticed I couldn’t get into the PC via RDP, I SSH’ed into my FreeBSD server to do some troubleshooting. Along the way, I decided to patch it and bring its installed programs up-to-date. Big mistake. You know those people who tell you that *Nix doesn’t need rebooting after patching? Well, they may be right on a technical level, but not a pragmatic one. Something that always bites me when I patch that server, is that I neglect to reboot it. Rarely a problem, though. In thise case, one of the updates stopped the DHCP server, but did not start it when it was done. This meant that as devices on my home LAN lost their leases, they could not renew them. Word to the wise: don’t bother trying to figure out what services need to be restarted after patching *Nix, just reboot the box!

GPS
The Hertz “Never Lost” GPS (a Magellan unit) was wretched. I’ve never used GPS before, so I have little to go on. But it annoyed me to no end. For one thing, it could never get a signal in the hotel parking lot, so I needed to guess which way to go, until we got on the road. When I got on the road, I had a 50/50 chance of being told to “drive to the indicated route”, but halfway there, it would re-calculate the route, sending me into more U-turn madness. The interface was miserable too. There is no way I would have used it without my wife sitting in the car to operated it.

Even worse, while less than 2 miles from the Mexico border, in a neighborhood I did not feel comfortable in, it told me to “go straight” when really it needed me to “bear right”. While trying to get back on track, I found myself wedged between two shady establishments offering “Mexican insurance”, with an “Econo Inn” that looked like a good place to buy crystal meth behind me. To make matters worse, the GPS decided at that very moment to start jumping around in 1/8 mile increments, including, at one point, thinking that the van was half a block from any street. Once I got on the main highway, it told me to “drive to the indicated route” and the arrows showed that I should somehow go north and south simultaneously on the interstate.

The Magellan GPS did a really good job at turning a nice time into a frustrating, scary experience. At the same time, having it with us let us feel comfortable enough to explore and visit restuarants and such. It’s a great idea, but the implementation I tried just wasn’t good enough.

Toyota Sienna
I had reserved a Ford Taurus. It appealed to the cheapskate in me. When we got to Hertz, my wife asked me to rent the Toyota Sienna (she’s wanted one for a while). I caved in, and I wish I hadn’t. The gear selector is mounted on the dash, below the AC controls, and does not feel natural to operate at all. The cargo capacity was far less than my Mercury Grand Marquis (unless I folded seats down, which would give it the same passenger capacity as my Grand Marquis). The visibility when backing out was awful; I did not feel comfortable with it at all. Even worse, the automatic headlights did not shut off on their own once (it seems that you need to “double click” the lock button on the remote to turn them off), causing us to need a jump start in Balboa Park. Overall, the Toyota Sienna did not make my life any nicer, except for the automatic side door (handy when wrangling a child).

Overall, it was a great trip. Sometimes though, being on the road can really highlight just how much further technology needs to come to really integrate seemlessly into our lives.

J.Ja

Categories: Virtualization Tags:

Two AMD Shanghai processors beaten by a single Intel i7-965

November 18th, 2008 George Ou 68 comments

AMD had much to celebration last week as they managed to beat Intel’s Nehalem-EP to the mainstream two-socket server market with Shanghai.  AMD took a lead in SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECfp, and Virtualization Nested Paging for the server market and it looked like they might have had 2 months of breathing room to before Nehalem-EP arrives in the two-socket server market.  But there was an unexpected party crasher today when a single Intel’s Nehalem i7-965 3.2 GHz single-socket processor for the desktop market decided to take on two brand new AMD Shanghai processors in the server benchmarks and win.

In the server space, the most commonly cited benchmark is general purpose integer performance which is measured by SPECint.  The table below shows the latest results from SPEC.


CPU GHz Socket Cores Threads SPECint_rate

base2006

SPECfp_rate

base2006

Intel Nehalem i7-965 3.2 1 4 8 117 82.9
AMD Shanghai 2384 2.7 2 4 8 113 105

AMD and Intel have been neck and neck in the server market in the last 4 years but never has a single top-end CPU from one competitor between two top-end processors from the other competitor.  Even on SPECfp high performance computing where AMD has dominated for the alst 4 years, the single i7-965 Nehalem comes relatively close to the performance of two Shanghai processors which almost guarantees dominance for Nehalem-EP two-socket servers when they arrive in a few months.

The Intel Nehalem i7-965 is showing a hint of what’s to come when Nehalem-EP arrives in two-socket configuration.  In the past, Intel had difficulty scaling sockets because they remained on a single North Bridge memory controller and the Front Side Bus (FSB) but those days are gone with Nehalems integrated memory controller and new QuickPath interconnect architecture.  As a result, the performance of Nehalem-EP is expected to scale extremely well because the number of memory controllers (built in to the Nehalem die) and the number of DDR3 memory channels will double.  This means we may see a two socket Nehalem-EP server crack 200 points on SPECint_rate_base2006 which is a massive leap for the mainstream server market.

Update 11/23/2008 – TechRadar has a first look at Nehalem-EP dual-socket and the performance is off the charts.

Categories: AMD, Benchmarks, Hardware, Intel, Virtualization Tags:

AMD Shanghai 45nm launch – Server benchmarks roundup

November 14th, 2008 George Ou 4 comments

AMD launched its 45nm Shanghai processors today for the server market ahead of Intel’s Nehalem processor launch.  AMD lists a series of benchmarks here but they omit many of the better results from Intel.  To get the full official results, here are the benchmarks based on the best scores available from AMD and Intel as of November 13th 2008.

CPU GHz Socket Cores SPECint SPECfp SPECjbb SPECweb SPECpower SAP
Intel X5482 3.2 2 4 156 93.4        
AMD 2384 2.7 2 4 136 118 352700   860  
Intel L5430 2.66 2 4         1135  
Intel X5470 3.33 2 4     316728      
Intel X7460 2.66 4 6 294 156        
AMD 8384 2.7 4 4 249 210        
AMD 2356 2.3 2 4       30007    
Intel X5460 3.166 2 4       29591    
Intel X7460 2.66 8 6           9200
AMD 8384 2.7 8 4           7010

It appears that AMD has made some important gains and it has taken the lead in SPECjbb, SPECweb, expanded its lead in SPECfp, and Virtualization (due to Nested Paging).  AMD still trails in SPECint, SPECpower, and SAP but this is an important victory for AMD which has been plagued with delays in 2007 and 2008 with its previous Barcelona processor.  Shanghai is a major milestone for AMD because it required a shift to a whole new 45nm immersion lithography process and it shows that AMD can launch a product on time and put Barcelona behind them.

However, Intel is expected to launch its Nehalem-EP processors for the mainstream two-socket server market within a few months and Nehalem is expected to be a huge jump in performance on the server platform.  While the new triple-channel DDR3 unbuffered memory subsystem doesn’t do too much for the Intel i7 Nehalem desktop processors, it is expected to unleash a huge increase in performance for Intel Nehalem.

Intel’s Penryn class of processors launched last year will be the last generation of Intel processors to use the Front Side Bus (FSB) and a single North Bridge memory controller located on the motherboard.  The FSB and single North Bridge memory controller wasn’t a problem for most of Intel’s product line but it significantly hampered Penryn’s performance in the two-socket market at higher clock speeds.  But this wasn’t a problem since AMD had trouble launching its Barcelona products early enough and at high enough clock speeds to threaten Penryn on the high end, and only now are the newest AMD Shanghai processors competing head to head with Intel Penryn.  Some people wondered why Intel stuck with the FSB architecture for so long, but the timing seems to have been appropriate given the outcome in the last two years.

Intel’s Nehalem will be too fast to run on FSB architecture which is why Intel designed it with QuickPath.  Nehalem will have no such memory bandwidth limitations as it transitions to QuickPath architecture with a memory controller on each microprocessor.  Nehalem also catches up with AMD on nested paging support for improved virtualization, but the late timing doesn’t seem to have hurt Intel given the fact that virtualization hypervisors are only now beginning to support nested paging.  So the race is on to see how quickly AMD can ramp up Shanghai processors and how long it takes Intel to launch Nehalem.

Categories: AMD, Benchmarks, Intel, Processors, Virtualization Tags: